Heat load and heat demand of buildings
Heat demand and heat load are a decisive factor in the design of energy systems. In the nPro tool, individual demand parameters are stored for each building type and each location.
Heating load and heat demands for different building types
The heat demand and the heat load of a building are two of the most important parameters in the design of district energy systems. On this page, you find the heat load and heat demand for a variety of different building types as an example for the location Berlin, Germany. The data should only be used as initial estimates if no other building-specific data is available. Information on the size and nature of the building also plays a role in more accurate estimates of heat demand. In addition, demand data is site-specific: in northern Europe, the heat demand of a school is higher than in southern Europe. In nPro, estimates of heat demand and heating load are stored for all available locations and all building types.
Building type | Heat demand | Heat load |
---|---|---|
School | 120 (60) kWh/m² | 109 (60) W/m² |
Kindergarten | 140 (70) kWh/m² | 127 (70) W/m² |
Office | 125 (65) kWh/m² | 89 (59) W/m² |
Hospital | 165 (85) kWh/m² | 92 (57) W/m² |
Canteen | 170 (75) kWh/m² | 126 (65) W/m² |
Restaurant | 170 (75) kWh/m² | 97 (65) W/m² |
Hotel | 150 (85) kWh/m² | 100 (77) W/m² |
Museum | 115 (65) kWh/m² | 61 (46) W/m² |
Theater | 160 (75) kWh/m² | 84 (54) W/m² |
Car park | 0 kWh/m² | 0 W/m² |
Shopping center | 85 (65) kWh/m² | 57 (59) W/m² |
Retail | 95 (65) kWh/m² | 56 (54) W/m² |
Supermarket | 115 (75) kWh/m² | 77 (75) W/m² |
Sport hall | 140 (85) kWh/m² | 64 (61) W/m² |
Gym | 125 (75) kWh/m² | 69 (63) W/m² |
Public swimming pool | 175 (125) kWh/m² | 80 (78) W/m² |
Year of construction | Heat demand | Heat load |
---|---|---|
Before 1918 | 250 kWh/m² | 119 W/m² |
1919 - 1948 | 194 kWh/m² | 97 W/m² |
1949 - 1957 | 223 kWh/m² | 117 W/m² |
1958 - 1968 | 198 kWh/m² | 104 W/m² |
1969 - 1978 | 182 kWh/m² | 96 W/m² |
1979 - 1983 | 160 kWh/m² | 84 W/m² |
1984 - 1994 | 135 kWh/m² | 71 W/m² |
1995 - 2001 | 101 kWh/m² | 53 W/m² |
After 2002 | 72 kWh/m² | 45 W/m² |
KfW 85 | 61 kWh/m² | 38 W/m² |
KfW 70 | 51 kWh/m² | 32 W/m² |
KfW 55 | 41 kWh/m² | 29 W/m² |
KfW 40 | 31 kWh/m² | 22 W/m² |
Passive house | 21 kWh/m² | 15 W/m² |
Year of construction | Heat demand | Heat load |
---|---|---|
Before 1918 | 180 kWh/m² | 90 W/m² |
1919 - 1948 | 193 kWh/m² | 102 W/m² |
1949 - 1957 | 211 kWh/m² | 117 W/m² |
1958 - 1968 | 168 kWh/m² | 93 W/m² |
1969 - 1978 | 139 kWh/m² | 77 W/m² |
1979 - 1983 | 124 kWh/m² | 69 W/m² |
1984 - 1994 | 116 kWh/m² | 64 W/m² |
1995 - 2001 | 98 kWh/m² | 54 W/m² |
After 2002 | 65 kWh/m² | 43 W/m² |
KfW 85 | 55 kWh/m² | 37 W/m² |
KfW 70 | 45 kWh/m² | 30 W/m² |
KfW 55 | 35 kWh/m² | 27 W/m² |
KfW 40 | 25 kWh/m² | 19 W/m² |
Passive house | 15 kWh/m² | 12 W/m² |
Year of construction | Heat demand | Heat load |
---|---|---|
Before 1918 | 159 kWh/m² | 80 W/m² |
1919 - 1948 | 164 kWh/m² | 86 W/m² |
1949 - 1957 | 173 kWh/m² | 96 W/m² |
1958 - 1968 | 172 kWh/m² | 96 W/m² |
1969 - 1978 | 140 kWh/m² | 78 W/m² |
1979 - 1983 | 116 kWh/m² | 64 W/m² |
1984 - 1994 | 82 kWh/m² | 46 W/m² |
1995 - 2001 | 73 kWh/m² | 41 W/m² |
After 2002 | 54 kWh/m² | 36 W/m² |
KfW 85 | 48 kWh/m² | 32 W/m² |
KfW 70 | 38 kWh/m² | 25 W/m² |
KfW 55 | 28 kWh/m² | 22 W/m² |
KfW 40 | 20 kWh/m² | 15 W/m² |
Passive house | 12 kWh/m² | 9 W/m² |
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